Fourth Generation of Computers
The fourth generation of computers began around 1975 and lasted until about 1985. He acknowledged that the historical period when computers evolved into an integrated circuit chip microprocessor, a “computer on a chip.” As a result, the first functional desktop computers came into being, starting with an experimental model of DIY hobby, such as the Altair 8800 kit mail-order, and forward to the early commercial models such as Commodore and Tandy TRS-80. This period marked the successful introduction and mass production of the early IBM PC desktop models, several clones, and Apple Macintosh.
The microprocessor is the route to do all the things to do on the 1604 CD single chip. It was born when researchers at Intel integrated all processing functions of arithmetic, logic, and control together into one chip through photolithography process.
CPU reads the data and instructions that came as a byte 8-bit code. Reading that involved performing arithmetic and logic on the code.
Integrated microprocessor chip to be known as the central processing unit – CPU – or “brains” of the computer model.
In Noyce, Intel released the first microprocessor CPU status, 4004, 15 November 1971. The company also developed the first random access memory chips, RAM chips, to provide temporary storage for the CPU. The 4004 can process 60,000 (60K) instructions per second. It was not until manufactured by Intel 8-bit microprocessor 8080, April 1974, that the desktop revolution really began to blossom.
The 8080 has a 6000 miniature transistors by a photolithography into a single chip microprocessor. It has a clock speed of 2 MHz, and can process several hundred thousand instructions per second.
Soon, fans who ordered the MITS Altair 8800, computer naked-books by using a microprocessor 8080, after it advertised on the cover of Popular Electronics in 1975. A translation unit of the BASIC programming language and instructed to boot the computer has been designed by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
In 1976, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs founded Apple Computer, Inc. to launch their first experiments with computer models. They use the Z80 microprocessor as a CPU. Both founders began their mass produce micro Apple II in 1977.
Xerox, Inc. is an important experiment in the early desktop technology. In the mid-1970s, Xerox has garnered the desktop version of the mini computer system called the Alto, at their Palo Alto Research Center.






